Serum Vitamin D Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their Relationship with Reproductive Hormones: A Case-Control Study

الملخص

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age and is often associated with hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, and metabolic disturbances. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed to play a potential role in the pathophysiology of PCOS through its effects on ovarian function and reproductive hormones.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and reproductive hormones, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and LH/FSH ratio, in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Objective: to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and reproductive hormones, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and LH/FSH ratio, in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Gynecology  and Obstetrics Teaching Hospital in Kerbala City, Iraq from January 2025 to May 2025. A total of 100 women aged 20–40 years were included and divided into two groups: 50 PCOS patients with vitamin D deficiency (Group A) and 50 PCOS patients with normal vitamin D levels (Group B). Serum vitamin D, LH, and FSH levels were measured using standard biochemical methods, and the LH/FSH ratio was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Polycystic ovary syndrome women with vitamin D deficiency showed significantly higher LH levels and LH/FSH ratios compared to those with normal vitamin D levels (p < 0.05). FSH levels did not differ significantly between groups. A negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and LH/FSH ratio, suggesting that lower vitamin D is associated with greater hormonal imbalance.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hormonal deregulation in women with PCOS, particularly by elevating LH and LH/FSH ratio. These findings highlight the potential benefit of maintaining adequate vitamin D status in improving reproductive and endocrine profiles in PCOS patients.