عـــزل وتشخيص الفطـــريات المـــرافقة لحبوب الحنطة ومـــقاومتها كيميائيا
بان طه محمد زينب لطيف حميد
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v3i2.28Keywords:
الحنطة، الفطريات، حامض الخليك، الحرارة الرطبة والجافة, Wheat, Fungi, Acetic acid, dry and wet heat.Abstract
اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقويم التلوث الفطري في حبوب الحنطة المستوردة والمحلية في محافظة كربلاء/ العراق للعام 2008 , مع دراسة امكانية السيطرة عليه باستعمال تراكيز مختلفة من حامض الخليك. أظهرت النتائج ان جميع العينات المدروسة من الحبوب كانت ملوثة بالفطريات وبنسب مختلفة وكانت عينة الحبوب الامريكية هي الاكثر تلوثاً بالفطريات بنسبة 83.32%. كما تم عزل وتشخيص 120 عزلة من الفطريات المختلفة من عينات الحبوب المدروسة حيث احتل الفطر parasiticus Aspergillus الصدارة بنسبة تردد 60.83% اذ كان متواجداً في جميع العينات، يليه الفطرAspergillus niger بنسبة 20 % والذي كان ايضاً متواجداً في جميع العينات المدروسة.
كما تم عزل الفطريات Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus terrus
Diplodia sp., وثلاث عزلات مختلفة من Aspergillus sp. بتردد اقل . كما اوضحت النتائج ان الفطريـــات الملوثة للحبوب المدروسة قد احدثت خفضاً في نسبة الانبات لجميع العينات كما بينت نتائج تقدير المحتوى الرطوبي في الحبوب نسباً مختلفة كان أعلاها في عينة الحبوب الأمريكية اذ بلغت8.68 %.
أظهرت النتائج أن حامض الخليك تركيز 3 % كان فعال جدا ضد التلوث الفطري وذلك بتثبيط جميع الفطريات الملوثة للحبوب الحنطة المخزونة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحنطة، الفطريات، حامض الخليك، الحرارة الرطبة والجافة
البحث مستل من بحث الدبلوم العالي للباحث الثاني
Isolation and diagnosis of the mycoflora associated with wheat grains and control it using chemical method
Ban T. Mohammed Zainab L. Hameed
Education College of pure sciences Agriculture College / Karbala University
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate fungal contamination in imported and local wheat grains in Kerbala province/Iraq. Additionally, study the possibilities of control this fungal contamination using chemical method was implemented. The result showed that all local and imported wheat grain samples were contaminated with fungi at different levels. The highest percentage of this contamination (83.32%) was recorded in the sample of American wheat grains. Moreover, 120 fungal isolates were identified in all samples involved in this study. The fungi Aspergillus parasiticus and A . niger were not only found in all samples, but they also occupied the first and the second rank of contamination, respectively compared with all other fungi. These two species were responsible for 60.83 and 20 % of contamination, respectively.
Other species of fungi including A. terrus, Rhizopus sp., Diplodia sp. Cladosporium sp. and three different isolates of A. sp. were detected to be at lower levels of frequency.
Additionally, it was found that all contaminating fungi reduced the rates of seeds germination in all samples. Furthermore, the amoisture content varied from sample to another, and the highest level (8.68 %) was in the American sample.
The results also demonstrated that the acetic acids at 3% concentration inhibited completely all contaminating fungi.
Key words: Wheat, Fungi, Acetic acid, dry and wet heat.
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