Maitham Rabee Hadi Al-Hasnawi and Ali Ahmed Faris 2025. The effect of excessive confidence, optimism, and herd behavior on the investment decision-making process - an applied study in the Iraqi stock market. Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences. 10, 39 (Jan. 2025), 104–126. DOI:https://doi.org/10.71207/ijas.v10i39.2991.